ᱥᱚᱢᱥᱭᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱯ

ᱥᱚᱢᱥᱭᱟ

ᱟᱯᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱᱵᱟᱡᱤᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ1–12, 13–24 ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ 25–36, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ 2:1᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮ $10, ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ $10 ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱚᱪᱟᱠᱟᱡᱤᱨᱚᱢᱤᱫᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ, ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ, 0᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮ $1 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱯᱮ᱾ (a) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱞᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ? (b) ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱜᱚᱱᱤᱛᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱣᱥᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱞᱴ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ −1/37᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ? (c) ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱪᱤᱯᱴᱟᱠᱟᱪᱤᱯᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱠᱮᱱ, ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱪᱮᱠ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮ?

ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱲ (a) ᱟᱨ (b)

ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱞᱴ: ᱵᱚᱞᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱵᱚᱞᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱞ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱣᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱯᱷᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ, 18–21 mm᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → 1–24 ᱨᱮ (24 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱞᱚᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ →): ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ $20 ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ $10 ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱤᱨᱚ $1 ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱟ: ᱥᱩᱫᱽ +$9᱾ ᱵᱚᱞ 25–36 ᱨᱮ (12 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ): ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱟ: −$21᱾ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ (1 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ): ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ $20 ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱤᱨᱚ $35 ᱮᱢᱟ: +$15᱾ EV = (24 × 9 + 1 × 15 − 12 × 21)/37 = (216 + 15 − 252)/37 = −21/37 ≈ $21 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ −$0.57: 2.70%᱾

ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱲ (c)

ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ: (24 × 10 − 13 × 20)/37 = (240 − 260)/37 = −20/37 ≈ $20 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ −$0.54, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ 2.70%᱾ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱫᱚ −$20 ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱞᱴ ᱫᱚ +$15 ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ (37 ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ $35 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱥ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ $0.95 ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ 36 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ $1 ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ $0.97 ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ)᱾ ᱥᱩᱫᱽ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ −$0.03, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 2.70%᱾ ᱵᱤᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ

ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ EV ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ EV ᱡᱚᱛᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ −1/37᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ −1/37᱾ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ, ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯᱲᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ; ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱸᱴᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱯᱮ, ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ᱾

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱢᱥᱭᱟ

ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱯᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱯᱮ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ $10) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ $1: 1–36 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱽ −$1 (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ $20 ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ $20 ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱤᱨᱚ $1 ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱟ), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱽ +$35 − $30 = +$5᱾ EV = (36 × (−1) + 5)/37 = $31 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ −31/37: 2.70%᱾ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱯᱮ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱦᱟᱲᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱯᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾

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