ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ
ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱦᱟᱴ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱟᱨᱟᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ᱾
ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ, ᱯᱟᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱜᱮ 2.70% ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ᱾ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱦᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱟᱨᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ 1840 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ 1962 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱦᱳ (Stanley Ho) ᱟᱜ STDM ᱮ ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ 1999 ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ 2002 ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, SJM, Galaxy ᱟᱨ Wynn ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: 2002 ᱨᱮ Sands, 2005 ᱨᱮ MGM ᱟᱨ 2006 ᱨᱮ Melco᱾ 2022 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2023 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱞᱳᱣᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱛᱤ, ᱠᱳᱛᱟᱭ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ; ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱟᱨᱟᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱤᱛᱤᱦᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 85–90%᱾ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠ ᱵᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱞᱚᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱤ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚᱪᱟᱠᱟᱡᱤᱨᱚᱢᱤᱫᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ, ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ, 0᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱᱤᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱞᱚᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱵᱟᱠᱟᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ᱾
ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱤᱧ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱦᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱯᱷᱞᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱟᱭ᱾
ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ
ᱜᱮᱢᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱥᱯᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱸᱰ ᱠᱳᱚᱨᱰᱤᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱭᱩᱨᱳ (DICJ) ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ 2023 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱫᱚ 21 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱧᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱴᱷᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱯᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱦᱳ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ STDM ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ᱾
ᱪᱤᱱ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱢ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ᱾
ᱯᱮ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ (SJM, Galaxy, Wynn); 2002–2006 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ; 2004 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱠᱳᱛᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ US$45 ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ᱾
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ, ᱫᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾
ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ
ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ, ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱦᱟᱭ (ᱠᱳᱛᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ HK$100–300 ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱚᱰᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟ ᱯᱮ᱾ ᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱛᱟᱡᱽᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱛᱟᱡᱽᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ: ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ, 1.35% ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱠᱥᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱯᱟᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾ ᱦᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱦᱮᱸ, ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ 2021 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱢᱚᱠᱚᱫᱚᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱᱴᱟᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱᱡᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ “X ᱨᱮ 1” ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ →, ᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱛᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ᱾ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱳᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱟᱭ᱾
ᱞᱟᱸᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱠ
ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱫᱷᱤ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau (DICJ).