ᱭᱩᱰᱮᱢᱚᱱᱥ
ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱪᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱫ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ᱾
1976 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 1981 ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱨᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱪᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ 44% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ 25% ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ 1981 ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, 1975
1975 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱪᱮᱞᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱠᱟᱨᱰ (Norman Packard) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱠ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞᱥ (Jack Biles) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱞᱮᱠᱡᱮᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱧᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞᱥ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱯ (Edward Thorp) ᱟᱜ “ᱵᱤᱴ ᱫᱤ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ” (Beat the Dealer) ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱯ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱵᱚᱞᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱞ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱣᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱯᱷᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ, 18–21 mm᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱚᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱞᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱯᱮᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱚᱭᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ (Doyne Farmer), ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱨᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱪᱮᱞᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱵᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ: ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱯᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ
1976 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱱ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ (Dan Browne) ᱨᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱣᱟᱨᱠᱥᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ $1,500 ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱴᱮᱨᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱫᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱨᱮᱰ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱷᱚᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱞᱚᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱩ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱡᱚᱨᱩᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱞᱦᱟ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱧᱪ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱜᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱯᱷᱞᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱞᱦᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱣᱥᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ 44% ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱯ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱭ
ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱰᱤᱢᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱭᱩᱰᱤᱢᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ᱾ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱠᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ, 1976–1978
ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1976 ᱨᱮ $250 ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, 6502 ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱵᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱠᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱣᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱤᱱᱛᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱨᱚᱪᱟᱠᱟᱡᱤᱨᱚᱢᱤᱫᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ, ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ, 0᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱤᱥᱤ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱥᱟᱸᱵᱷᱮ ᱞᱤᱱᱛᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱪᱟᱠᱟᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱞᱟᱜ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱮ “ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ” ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ᱾ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱸᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ, ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱜᱮ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱰᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱱ, ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1977 ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱳ ᱛᱤᱥ, ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱞᱰᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱯᱴᱟᱠᱟᱪᱤᱯᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱠᱮᱱ, ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱪᱮᱠ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ, ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ, 25% ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
1978 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ᱾ ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱞᱦᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱞᱮᱞᱦᱟ ᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱮ ᱠᱨᱩᱯᱤᱭᱮᱦᱚᱲᱠᱨᱩᱯᱤᱭᱮᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ 25 ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱞᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱨ, ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ, ᱦᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱡᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱠ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤᱰ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱜᱟᱫᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱨᱩᱯᱤᱭᱮ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱰᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾
ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱣᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1978 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱞᱟᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ $1,000 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾
ᱯᱮᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞᱥ ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱯ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱯᱟ᱾
ᱨᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ; ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱠᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ᱾
ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱥᱮᱱ, ᱞᱮᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱳ᱾ ᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱜᱚᱞᱰᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱴ, ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ: ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ, ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ 25%᱾
ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ᱾
ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱞᱟᱵ: ᱯᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ $1,000 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ᱾
ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ: ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱰᱩᱵᱟᱹᱣᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ “ᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱰᱤᱢᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱭ” ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ, 1980–1981
ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱴᱨᱩᱭᱤᱴ (Mark Truitt), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱭᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱦᱟᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱴᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱴᱨᱩᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱰᱟ ᱢᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱤᱧᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱤᱧᱪ, ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱤᱧᱪ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱴᱨᱤ, ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱞᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ “ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ”᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱪᱤ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱪᱟᱢᱲᱟ ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱠᱷᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1981 ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱵᱮᱥ (Thomas Bass) ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ $2,500 ᱠᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱡᱦᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱧᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱟ, ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱞᱚᱴ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱰᱩᱵᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ; ᱢᱳᱴᱮᱞ ᱠᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱠᱨᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
44% ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱵᱟᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ 35:1᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ ᱟᱣᱥᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ 38 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ 35 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 5.26% ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 44% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ 25 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ: ᱡᱚᱛᱚ 25 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 36 ᱪᱤᱯ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱰᱮᱲ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
35 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱞᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱦ ᱮᱢᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ $100 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ $10,000 ᱥᱮ $20,000 ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ 44% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ 100 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱰᱮᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱴᱟᱠᱟᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ᱾ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ 1978 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱞᱩᱭᱤᱥ (Alan Lewis) ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ
ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ $15,000 ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱩᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱱ (Letty Belin) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 3,500 ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱴᱨᱩᱭᱤᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 3,000 ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 2,000᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ᱾ 1983 ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱴᱚᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 20 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 40% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱰᱮᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱱ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ; ᱢᱮ 1985 ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ, ᱯᱮᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱮᱭᱚᱥ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ
ᱴᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱵᱮᱥ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, “ᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱰᱤᱢᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱭ” (The Eudaemonic Pie, 1985) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱤᱛᱤᱦᱟᱹᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱜ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱨᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱞᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 1901 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ (ᱡᱚᱥᱮᱯᱷ ᱡᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱯᱮ), ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ 1962 ᱨᱮ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱯ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ 1961 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱵᱟᱝ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱣᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ $15,000 ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 1985 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱜᱚᱱᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱯᱮ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ; ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱮ᱾
ᱭᱩᱰᱤᱢᱚᱱᱥ (Eudaemons) ᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱵᱟᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ 35:1᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮ 44% ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ 35 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ? ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱚᱞᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱵᱚᱞᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱞ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱣᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱯᱷᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ, 18–21 mm᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ 38 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱞᱚᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ?
ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ
ᱛᱮᱞᱟ 25 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ 13 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ 25 ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ᱾
ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱪᱤᱯᱴᱟᱠᱟᱪᱤᱯᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱠᱮᱱ, ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱪᱮᱠ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ 35 ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ-ᱟ: 36 ᱪᱤᱯ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱮᱞ n ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, n ᱪᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ 36 ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ 36/n − 1᱾
ᱚᱱᱟ 0.44 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱯᱮ: 36/n = 1.44, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ n = 25᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ n ᱫᱚ 38 ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ 36/38 − 1 = −5.26%᱾
ᱱᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱯᱮ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ k ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ 38 − k ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱫᱚ 38 − k ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ 44% ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 38 − k = 25 ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ k = 13: ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ᱾
ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ (Farmer) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱛᱮ 40% ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ 36/30 − 1 = 20% ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ: ᱵᱟᱹᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱹᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱚᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ038−5.26%2360%830+20%1325+44%1919+89%ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱯᱮ ᱟᱯᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ 25 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ 35 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, 44% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ᱾ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱮ᱾ 100 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ? 500 ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ?
ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ
ᱛᱮᱞᱟ 100 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ 23% ᱟᱨ 500 ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ 6%᱾
100 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱮ 100 ᱪᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱯᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱤᱛ 36 ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱛ 72 ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ, 28 ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ; ᱯᱮ ᱡᱤᱛ 108, 8 ᱞᱟᱵᱷ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱭᱟ ᱯᱮ᱾
100 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ (24/25)¹⁰⁰ = 1.7%᱾ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱛ: 100 × (1/25) × (24/25)⁹⁹ = 7.0%᱾ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱨ: 4,950 × (1/25)² × (24/25)⁹⁸ = 14.5%᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ 23.2%᱾
500 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 14 ᱡᱤᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ (14 × 36 = 504), ᱟᱨ ᱟᱣᱥᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ 20᱾ 13 ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ 6.2%᱾
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱰᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱟᱨ 100 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱰᱤᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾
ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ50240.1%100323.2%200618.6%500146.2%ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ 44% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ 50 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ $100 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ $2,200 ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱯᱮ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱟ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱭᱤᱢ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱯᱮ᱾
ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ
ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ $100 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ $2,200 ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱜᱮ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ $2.20᱾
ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ $100 ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ 50 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ, $5,000 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 44% ᱫᱚ $2,200᱾
ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ 10 ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ $5 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ $5 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 44% ᱫᱚ $2.20᱾ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ $8.80᱾
ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱴᱟᱠᱟᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ᱾ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱥᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ, 35 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱨᱮ 44% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱸᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱠ
ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. “The invention of the first wearable computer.”
- Nevada Revised Statutes, chapter 465.