ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱛᱤᱦᱟᱹᱥ
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱛᱤᱦᱟᱹᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ, ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱴᱤ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ
- 1654
ᱯᱟᱥᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱢᱟ: ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱥᱭᱟ; ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ - 1655ᱡᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ
ᱵᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱥᱠᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱩᱡᱷ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ᱾
ᱵᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱥᱠᱟᱞ: ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ - 1657
ᱦᱟᱭᱜᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱯᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
- 1713
ᱭᱟᱠᱚᱵ ᱵᱮᱨᱱᱩᱞᱤ, Ars Conjectandi: ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ᱾
ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ: ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ - 1740 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱞᱤ-ᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ E.O.
ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱳᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱡᱳᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ? ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ - 1754
ᱫᱟᱞᱟᱸᱵᱮᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱫᱟᱞᱟᱸᱵᱮᱨ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱡᱤ - 1758
ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ (ᱠᱤᱵᱮᱠ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱟ, ᱦᱳᱠᱟ, ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱳ ᱟᱨ “ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ” ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ: ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱵᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱞ᱾
- 1760 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ
“ᱢᱟᱨᱴᱤᱝᱜᱮᱞ” ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱴᱤᱝᱜᱮᱞ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱡᱤ
ᱠᱷᱮᱞ
- 1796ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ, ᱯᱟᱞᱮ-ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ
ᱡᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱵᱞᱮ (Jaques Lablée) ᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱞ La Roulette ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ-ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ, 0 ᱟᱨ 00, ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ - 1800 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ
ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ: ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱮᱞ᱾
ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ - 1837
ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ; ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
- 1841
ᱵᱞᱟᱸ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱸᱥᱣᱟ ᱵᱞᱟᱸ - 1843ᱵᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜ
ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱸᱥᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱭᱤ ᱵᱞᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ - 1863ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ
ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱽ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱞᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ - 1866
ᱫᱚᱥᱛᱚᱭᱮᱵᱷᱥᱠᱤ, The Gambler (ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱲᱤ)᱾
ᱫᱚᱥᱛᱚᱭᱮᱵᱷᱥᱠᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴᱮᱱᱵᱩᱨᱜ - 1868
ᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱨ᱾
ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱫᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ-ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ - 1869
ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱠᱳ ᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱨ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
- 1872
ᱯᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ
- 1870 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ
ᱞᱟᱵᱩᱥᱮᱨ ᱞᱚᱸᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱞᱟᱵᱩᱥᱮᱨ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱡᱤ - ᱥᱟᱦᱟ 1880ᱡᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ
ᱭᱳᱨᱠᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱯᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱥᱮᱯᱷ ᱡᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱡᱚᱥᱮᱯᱷ ᱡᱮᱜᱟᱨ: ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱡᱤ - 1891ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ
ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱠ-ᱦᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱭᱚ ᱜᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱢᱟᱱᱤ᱾
ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ - 1900
ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱭ-ᱥᱠᱣᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱠᱟᱭ-ᱥᱠᱣᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ - 1907
ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱫᱩᱦᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
- 1913
ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱨᱮ 26 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ᱾
ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ - 1931
ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ - 1940 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ
ᱩᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱭᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾
- 1953
ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱢᱤᱝ, Casino Royale: ᱵᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱵᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱡᱤ - 1961
ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ - 1965
ᱰᱩᱵᱤᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱡᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱥ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
- 1969
ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱯ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱣᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱵᱷᱨᱚᱢ: ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱡᱤ - 1977–81
ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱰᱮᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ: 1978 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱠᱞᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, 1981 ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ᱾
ᱭᱩᱰᱮᱢᱚᱱᱥ - 1985
ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱵᱮᱥ The Eudaemonic Pie ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱞ
ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ
- 20 ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱥᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ 1990 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ RNG ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ 2000 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱢ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ᱾
ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ - 1990 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ
ᱜᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ-ᱯᱮᱞᱟᱭᱳ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱧᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱰᱨᱤᱰ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ; ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟᱠᱚ; ᱟᱫᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ (2004)᱾
ᱜᱚᱱᱥᱟᱞᱳ ᱜᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ-ᱯᱮᱞᱟᱭᱳ: ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ - 1996
RNG ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ᱾
ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ RNG ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ - 2003–06
ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱨᱤᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ-ᱟ - 2004
ᱨᱤᱴᱡᱽ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ £1.3m ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱱᱴᱮᱡ ᱯᱞᱮ - 2005
UK ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ: ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱢᱳᱴ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ᱾
ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ - 2012
ᱥᱢᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟᱣ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ - 2013
ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱨᱥᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ - 2016
ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱤᱯᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ᱾
ᱴᱨᱤᱯᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ - 2018
US ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱵᱟᱛᱤᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
- 2021
ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱫᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ - 2026
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ: ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱨᱤᱠ, ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ
ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱥ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ (1843, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ (1800 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱜᱚᱞ, 2016 ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱤᱯᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ)᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ, ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ, ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ, ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ, ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱞᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ: 36/n − 1, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ᱾
ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱯᱟᱥᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ᱾ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ; ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱜᱮ᱾
19 ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ; ᱱᱤᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ᱾ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱸᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱠ
ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ, ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ᱾
ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.