ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ: ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱟᱨ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾
ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ (Richard Jarecki, 1931–2018), ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱟᱨ, 1960 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ 1970 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ $1.2 ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱣᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱚᱸᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 2018 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱤᱛᱤᱦᱟᱹᱥ ᱵᱤᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱥᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱟᱨ
ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱣᱤᱞᱦᱮᱞᱢ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ 1 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1931 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱯᱚᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱪᱤᱱ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱢᱲᱟ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱧᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱧᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ 1930 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱮᱥᱵᱮᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ, ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱰᱭᱩᱠ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ 1958 ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱮᱞᱵᱟᱨᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ 1964 ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱩᱥᱮ, ᱵᱮᱦᱩᱥ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱨᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ 1967 ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱮᱞᱵᱟᱨᱜ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ 1969 ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ᱾
ᱦᱚᱨᱟ
ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 2018 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 10,000 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: “ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾”
ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ, ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱚᱱ-ᱞᱮ-ᱵᱮᱸ, ᱵᱟᱰᱮᱱ-ᱵᱟᱰᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱳ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱨᱚᱪᱟᱠᱟᱡᱤᱨᱚᱢᱤᱫᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ, ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ, 0᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, 38 ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ 37 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱞᱚᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ →᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 1969 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱨᱩᱯᱤᱭᱮᱦᱚᱲᱠᱨᱩᱯᱤᱭᱮᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱣᱽᱨᱟ ᱮᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱦᱟᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱥᱴᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 10,000 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ 270 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱡᱚᱜ-ᱟ, 16 ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ᱾ 319 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱮ “ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ” ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱽᱨᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ 31 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ 35 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ 15% ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾
ᱱᱤᱛ 1,000 ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱯᱮ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ 27 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱡᱚᱜ-ᱟ, 5 ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱥᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱭᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ 37 ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱡᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱞᱵᱷᱨᱚᱢᱜᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱞᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱞ᱾ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱭᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱢᱩᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱯᱮ᱾
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱤᱡ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱦᱟᱨᱴ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱪᱮᱯᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱵᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ 1969 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱟᱭ᱾
ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ
ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱸᱰᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ; ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ Atlas ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ 2018 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱨ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 1969 ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱥᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮ 1969 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ ᱪᱟᱠᱟᱞᱮᱵᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ ᱪᱟᱠᱟᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱱᱟ 1/37 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱳ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ: ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱳ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ 1969
ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾
ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱮᱞᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱲᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱮᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱜᱽᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱩᱦᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ
ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: “ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱟ᱾” ᱢᱮ 1969 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱟᱨᱰᱮᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱝ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ “ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ” ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱣᱤᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱛᱚᱞᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ 1969 ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱟᱭ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ
ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ
ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱳ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ 2018 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ
ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱭᱩᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱮᱠᱡᱮᱠ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ 1998 ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ 25 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2018 ᱨᱮ 86 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱩᱡ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾
ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ 2018 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾
ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱳ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 1969 ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱫᱩᱦᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾
ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ $1.2 ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱸᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱠ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾
ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
- Slotnik, D. E. “Richard Jarecki, Doctor Who Conquered Roulette, Dies at 86.”
- McClain, D. L. “Carol Jarecki, Respected Chess Referee, Dies at 86.”
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Isman, F. “Il professor Richard Jarecki, croce (o delizia?) del Casinò.”
- United Press International. “Casino Conqueror Made to Desist.”
- Associated Press. “Winner Wins Casino Card.”
- Vannozzi, A. “the gambling professor” ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ᱾