ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ? ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ
ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ 18 ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾
ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱚ
ᱯᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ 1740 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ E.O. (“ᱡᱳᱲ-ᱵᱤᱡᱳᱲ”) ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱞᱚᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ E ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ O ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱞᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱵᱚᱞᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱞ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱣᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱯᱷᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ, 18–21 mm᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ; 1745 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱨᱚᱞᱤ-ᱯᱚᱞᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱵᱤ, ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ 1750 ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱱᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱟᱧᱚᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ 70 ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱚᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ; ᱡᱤᱛ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 64 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ (63 ᱨᱮ 1), ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ 70 ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴᱴᱟᱠᱟᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮ 6 ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, 8.57% ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ᱾ ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱱᱚᱵᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ 1760 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ 1837 ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱰᱥ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱᱴᱟᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱᱡᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ “X ᱨᱮ 1” ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ, ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯᱲᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ 1600 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱦᱳᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱥ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤᱜᱚᱱᱤᱛᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱟᱣᱥᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ: ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ 2.70%᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ →᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ-ᱟᱭᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳᱠᱟ: ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱥ ᱮᱞ, ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱞᱩᱣᱤ XIV ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱛᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾
ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱵᱤ: ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱴᱟ, ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱚᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱰᱥ᱾
ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ E.O. ᱪᱟᱠᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱞ, ᱡᱳᱲ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱳᱲ᱾ 1745 ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ᱾
ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ 0 ᱟᱨ 00 ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱯᱟᱞᱮ-ᱨᱣᱟᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱭᱟᱥ (1801) ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ? ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ, 1796 ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ
ᱡᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱵᱞᱮ (Jaques Lablée) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱭᱟᱥ La Roulette, ou le Jour, 1801 ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ, 1796 ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ-ᱨᱣᱟᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ: 1 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 36 ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱞ, ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱟᱜᱵᱟᱡᱤᱟᱨᱟᱜ18 ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ᱾ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱨᱮ: ᱨᱩᱡᱽ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱡᱤᱨᱚᱪᱟᱠᱟᱡᱤᱨᱚᱢᱤᱫᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ, ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ, 0᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮᱵᱟᱡᱤᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ18 ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ᱾ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱨᱮ: ᱱᱣᱟᱨ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱰᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚᱨᱩᱯᱰᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 00 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ 2.70% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 5.26% ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ →, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ: ᱰᱚᱡᱮᱱ, ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ, ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ-ᱨᱣᱟᱭᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ, 1837 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ
ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ
ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ “ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ”᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ: ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱚᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 1758 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱜᱮ “ᱯᱟᱥᱟ, ᱦᱳᱠᱟ, ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ” ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱥᱮᱞᱤ (1988) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ “roulet” ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ “ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ E.O.” ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 1820 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ “ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ” ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ
ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ 0 ᱟᱨ 00 ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 38 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 5.26% ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ 1843 ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱞᱟᱸ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ᱾ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: 19 ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ 1 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 28 ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ 0, 00 ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 27 ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, 12.90% ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱟᱡᱤᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞᱵᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ 2:1᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ 9.68% ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱭᱥᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱥ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ, ᱟᱞᱜᱟ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜ, ᱦᱚᱢᱵᱩᱨᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱠᱳ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ: ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ (36/n − 1), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱵᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ, ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱰᱤᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱯᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱦᱟ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱧᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱞᱟᱣᱠᱟ, ᱦᱤᱨᱟ, ᱯᱤᱱ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱴᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱯᱷᱨᱮᱴᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱦᱟ ᱟᱲ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ 19 ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱚᱞ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ᱾ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱥ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱥ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ
1650 ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ, ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱯᱮ᱾
1837 ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ-ᱨᱣᱟᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ 1907 ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱫᱩᱦᱲᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ/ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱡᱳᱲ/ᱡᱳᱲ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ᱾ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ 19 ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱜᱚᱱᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱯᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱯᱮ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ; ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱮ᱾
ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ 70 ᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ 1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 64 ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ: 63 ᱨᱮ 1᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ? ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱᱴᱟᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱᱡᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ “X ᱨᱮ 1” ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ?
ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ
ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ 6/70, 8.57%᱾ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ 31 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ᱾
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ 70 ᱰᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ 63 ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴᱴᱟᱠᱟᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱟ; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ 69 ᱰᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ 1 ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, 8.57% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱫᱚ 64 ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱜᱚᱱᱤᱛᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ: ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱫᱚ 70 ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾
x ᱨᱮ 1 ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ 70 ᱰᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ: 2x ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ 68 ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ, ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱜᱚᱱᱤᱛᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱣᱥᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱞᱴ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ −1/37᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → (2x − 68)/70᱾ 2x − 68 = −6 ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱯᱮ: x = 31᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ 1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 32 ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ, 64 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ᱾
ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ 1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 64/n ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ 64 ᱫᱚ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ᱟᱨ 32 ᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 36 ᱫᱚ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 ᱟᱨ 36 ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ, ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯᱲᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ᱾
ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 70 ᱮᱞ, ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱩᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 8.57% ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ? ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱥᱟᱵᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ?
ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ
ᱛᱮᱞᱟ 20⅓ ᱨᱮ 1᱾ 20 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ 10%; 21 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ, 5.71%᱾
ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱥᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ: n ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ 1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 64/n ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ 64/3 = 21⅓ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ, ᱥᱮ 20⅓ ᱨᱮ 1, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱯᱴᱟᱠᱟᱪᱤᱯᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱠᱮᱱ, ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱪᱮᱠ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
x ᱨᱮ 1 ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ 70 ᱰᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ 3 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ 67 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ: ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ (3x − 67)/70᱾ 20 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱨᱮ: −7/70, 10%᱾ 21 ᱨᱮ 1 ᱨᱮ: −4/70, 5.71%᱾
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱟ; ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱯᱮ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱟ᱾
19 ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ 31 ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱞᱚᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, 1 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 28 ᱟᱨ 0, 00 ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱜᱚᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ 1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 27 ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱟᱡᱤᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞᱵᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ, ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ 2:1᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ 9.68% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ “1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ” ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ?
ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ
ᱛᱮᱞᱟ 1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 7, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ 3/31 = 9.68%᱾
1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ X ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ X ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ 31 ᱨᱮ 4 ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ 31 ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 4X ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢᱟ: ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ (4X − 31)/31᱾
1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 7 ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ −3/31, 9.68%, ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ᱾ 1 ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 8 ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ +1/31 ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ (28 − n)/n ᱨᱮ 1 ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, 31 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱸᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱠ
ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ, ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱚ᱾
ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.
- Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 4th ed.