ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱱᱴᱮᱡ ᱯᱞᱮ
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱱᱴᱮᱡ ᱯᱞᱮ: ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱰᱣᱟᱱᱴᱮᱡ ᱯᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ (ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ) ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ᱾
ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱯᱮ, 1/37 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱴᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 37 ᱮᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱥᱞᱚᱴ, ᱠᱟᱯ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱪᱟᱠᱟᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱣᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱞᱟᱜ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱯᱮ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱯᱮ, ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱯᱮ᱾ ᱡᱚᱥᱮᱯᱷ ᱡᱮᱜᱟᱨ (Joseph Jagger) ᱯᱟᱥᱤ 1880 ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱠᱤ (Richard Jarecki) 1960 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱨᱮᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱜᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ-ᱯᱮᱞᱟᱭᱳ (García-Pelayo) ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱧᱡᱽ 1990 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ 5,000 ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ 2004 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱽᱟ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱣᱞᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱵᱚᱣᱞᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ: ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱚᱡᱤᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱡᱮᱜᱟᱨ, ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ᱾ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟᱭ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾
ᱛᱚᱨᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱞᱮᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱭᱩᱰᱮᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱦᱟᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱩᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱥᱟᱡ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱚᱥᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱭ᱾
ᱜᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ-ᱯᱮᱞᱟᱭᱳ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱧᱡᱽ᱾ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ, ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ; 2004 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞᱟ᱾
ᱞᱚᱸᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱴᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ £1.3 ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ, ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ᱾ ᱞᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱠᱟᱚᱜ-ᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾
ᱥᱢᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟᱣᱟ: ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱵ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ᱾
ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ᱾ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱡᱚᱥᱮᱯᱷ ᱡᱮᱜᱟᱨ: ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱡᱤᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱟᱨᱮᱥᱠᱤ: ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱜᱚᱱᱥᱟᱞᱳ ᱜᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ-ᱯᱮᱞᱟᱭᱳ: ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ
ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱚᱨ
ᱛᱚᱨᱯ (Thorp) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱱ (Shannon) ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ 1961 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱰᱮᱢᱚᱱᱥ (Eudaemons) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ 2000 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ-ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ: ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱵᱚᱞᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱞ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱣᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱯᱷᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ, 18–21 mm᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱨᱚᱴᱚᱨᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ, ᱧᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱥᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱚᱥᱟ, ᱮᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ: ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ
ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱞᱚᱠᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱠᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱠ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: 19 ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱴᱥᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱᱯᱷᱨᱮᱴᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱦᱟ ᱟᱲ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱨᱩᱯᱤᱭᱮᱦᱚᱲᱠᱨᱩᱯᱤᱭᱮᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱤᱥᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟᱭ᱾
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ
ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱡᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱜᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ᱾ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ → ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱚᱸᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱞᱮᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱤᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾
ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ
ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱛᱟᱹ; ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱱᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ, ᱫᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱰᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱹᱨ᱾ 2004 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱴᱡᱽ ᱢᱚᱠᱚᱫᱚᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱤᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱢᱵᱞᱤᱝ ᱮᱠᱴ 2005 ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱠᱷ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ
ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱨᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ 2.70% ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ᱾ ᱞᱮᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱚᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱜ᱾
ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱸ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱸᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱠ
ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
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